Nonfasting Apo-lipoprotein B & Triglyceride levels as a predictor of coronary heart disease in Type II diabetic patients

Background & Objectives: Lipoprotein-A has been recognized as a risk factor for ischemic heart diseases. Myocardial infarction (MI) is common complication of ischemic heart disease. Diabetes play an incremental role in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD), however still there are conflicting data regarding the relationship of Lipoprotein-B and MI. We therefore wanted to evaluate the relationship of Lipo-B, MI and diabetes mellitus. Our objective was to determine the non-fasting Apo-lipoprotein B and triglycerides level among type II diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease and to compare with type II diabetic without ischemic heart disease.

Methods: This was cross sectional study where two groups of patients were recruited in the study, Group-I included patient with Ischemic Heart Disease and diabetes while Group-II comprised of diabetes without Ischemic Heart Disease. Age, sex and basic demographic matching was done between the two groups. Data were collected using random sample. The comparative approach was used to see the role of diabetes in the elevation of Apo-lipoprotein B level, which is a risk factor for Ischemic heart diseases.

Results: Two hundred forty eight patients (Cases: 123 Diabetic with myocardial infarction and (Control: 125 Diabetic without myocardial infarction) were included in the study. Mean Apo-B among diabetic patients with myocardial infarction was high (68.3±24.23 ng/ml) compared to non-cardiac patients (49.97±33.880 ng/ml) with a p <0.000. Marked difference was also observed in triglycerides levels where it was found very high (301.4±55.1 mg/dL) in patients of diabetes with myocardial infarction as compared to subjects without MI (137.7±84.7 mg/dL). There was positive correlation between Apo-lipoprotein and Triglycerides (P value=039).

Conclusion: Based on the study result it was concluded that Apo-lipoprotein and triglycerides in diabetic patients with myocardial infarction, had higher levels compared to diabetic patients without Myocardial infarction and this could be a consequence of increase in age, insulin resistance and deficiency of insulin in the body. We also found positive correlation between Apolipoprotein and Triglycerides.