Post-Artesunate Late Haemolytic Anemia in a 17-Month-Old Infant Followed for Severe Malaria at the Yalosase Health Center, Isangi, DR Congo

Artesunate is an artemisinin derivative with rapid and potent parasiticidal power. However, cases of delayed hemolytic anemia described in the literature can be fatal, especially in children. We report a rare case of late hemolytic anemia in an infant. This was a 17 month old infant with a history of severe malaria treated with artesunate two weeks ago, seen in consultation for hemolytic anemia with negative GE. Both HBsAg and anti-HCV serology were negative. Considering the context, the diagnosis of post-artesunate late hemolytic anemia was retained and the patient had progressed well after transfusion.